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Texas became the 28th state on December 29, 1845, admitted directly from an independent republic, without ever passing through territorial status — the same unusual path California would take five years later. Texas is one of only two states that were sovereign nations before joining the Union. From Republic to Annexation Texas declared independence from Mexico on March 2, 1836, and won it that April at the Battle of San Jacinto. For nearly a decade afterward it governed itself as the Repu …